When we began the project, it became immediately apparent that we needed a process to go from a neat idea, to a published item. The disciplines of historical research and software development needed a common language – we had to create that language.
Having created the barest of trees, we developed a process for our undergraduate students to identify one – and only one detail – then search for properly documented data about that detail. The goal is to build the blocks, then we can use the blocks to build the world.
The most basic relation between the disciplines, in our view, was data collection and organization; fortunately the File Tree is well known to software developers! We identified several key variables that would appear in a digital world, and classified them to guide the research.
We created an example “onesheet” to show how for each detail, we need physical descriptions, a picture or diagram, a brief discussion, and properly cited scholarly sources. At a glance, data is available and organized. Bonus! These onesheets are the Augmented Reality Handbook.
On February 22, 1540, Spanish conquistador Francisco Vazquez de Coronado assembled 289 Spanish soldiers and in excess of 1,500 indigenous warriors (indios amigos) to pursue the exploration present-day New Mexico in search of the Seven Cities of Gold (Cibola).
Often the Spanish exploration, conquest, and settlement of the Americas is presented in overly simplistic ways that do not take into account indigenous peoples roles as collaborators and partners of the Spanish. Through events like the muster roll we can better understand the dynamic relationships that connected these peoples.
By the year 1535, less than half a century after Columbus arrived in America; Spain had established its control over a large part of the continent from their bases in the Caribbean. In western New Spain, the collapse of the Tarascan kingdom gave Spain control of the Pacific coastline of what is now called Central America, into the present state of Nayarit, a rich agricultural land where the Spanish established villages and continued to push northward into modern day Sinaloa. Having gained control of the town of Culiacan, the Spanish established a beachhead from which they sent expeditions farther north to capture indigenous people to be sold as slaves. Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza designated Antonio Vazquez de Coronado, the young governor of the province of New Galicia, to lead a large expedition to this Tierra Nueva, New Land, and settle the territory. [Read more]
The muster roll reveals the diversity within indigenous and Spanish communities — not just how to two communities differed from one another. For example, the indigenous warriors participating in the exploration of northern Mexico and New Mexico vastly outnumbered their Spanish counterparts. This detail offers a much more complex and nuanced image of how broadly diverse indigenous peoples reacted or responded to, and even embraced and cooperated with the Europeans. Similar in complexity, the Spanish were not a uniform community and drew from high and lower-status communities from Spain. Some were nominal Catholics (converts to Christianity) and others even secret-Jews evading Spain’s inquisition. Others, those of lower status, did not even have their own Spanish weapons and instead wore indigenous cotton armor and used obsidian battle axes. The Muster Roll is an important snapshot because it reveals depth, dimension, and shades of meaning more complex than the simplistic conquest narrative. Within the grander currents, human beings lived; the Muster Roll shows some ways that some persons went about contending with those currents.
The muster roll can be best experienced using the standalone Windows OS and Mac OS applications. These apps are designed to be run on more powerful gaming computers and those suited for intensive video/design activities. Additionally, an Oculus Rift headset is required to experience the immersive world. The apps can be downloaded [here].
More compact and tailored versions of the world can be experienced using a smart device, such as a Microsoft Surface, Apple iPad, Android smartphone, or Apple iPhone. Three small sections of the world can be experienced as augmented reality apps that use Vuforia. These apps can be downloaded [here.]
Within the virtual world are a number of custom-built avatars, objects, and natural world components. To create these items we first conducted extensive research. Specifically, UCCS students researched and prepared documented descriptions of historical persons, objects, flora/fauna, and cultural and linguistic items. Many of these items can now be viewed using our augmented reality handbook. The handbook allows the user to activate digital 3D models on their smart device when they are viewing the physical paper version of the handbook. In this way, users can physically read as well as experience a digital object. The app is available [here.]
The easiest way to experience our virtual world is via our Youtube.com videos that present visual and audio components of the virtual world. The can best be thought of as a virtual tour of the world. The videos appear on this page.
We are garnering new insights across the scholarly spectrum because ours is an interdisciplinary Annales School investigation that aims to understand the “whole” by employing all of our specialties. While the overarching Annalist approach is a historical one, it is flexible and interdisciplinary that, as H. R. Trevor-Roper states, “crosses all frontiers and uses all techniques…To recreate the totality of a society, past or present, to understand its delicate mechanism and yet to see it, not as a machine, but as a living organism.” Thus, we draw in many intellectual approaches. [Read more.]
Our innovation is to recenter humanity’s perspective about the purpose of technology – it prioritizes human reflection. One, we create a research process and information framework that supports the multi-modal layering of musical, environmental, linguistic, social, and cultural artifacts to generate novel, and dynamic interpretations of the past. Together, we build an integrated process that binds our individual research efforts and university courses into a whole, and manifests a new cadre of Augmented Reflection Scholars (undergraduate and graduate students). Two, we enhance understanding by presenting Native American, colonial Spanish, and culturally-hybridized virtual worlds that reflect new ways of perceiving our predecessors. In the most radical sense, even though we will re-create specific historical events in VR, it is very likely these “worldviews” will not appear (auditorily, visually, spatially, temporally) to be the same event. Put simply, we do not all see the same things. Three, we foster human reflection by memorializing — writing a new, augmented history — of Mexico, New Mexico, and Colorado by drawing the public into an experiential virtual learning environment.
Throughout the project, from raw searches in the archives and on-site visits; through collating and curating the data, to digital design, rendering, and scripting, the students have served as the core of the project. The product is the reflection of each student endeavoring to expand their own understanding of humanity and their part in it – to see themselves as inescapably rooted in the lives long gone. Our multidisciplinary approach seeks to place the student at the center, empowering and encouraging a personal stake in the process and product to augment the human reflections of themselves. From photographing a potsherd, and wondering what it was like to walk in leather shoes – documenting sources to writing code in C#, our students become part of the people they study, and those people become part of the student. The worlds we’ve made are Augmented Reflections of the students who made them.
Description: He was a Spanish Conquistador He was the first cousin to Francisco Vazquez de Coronado First person to explore The Grand Canyon He was the only one in Coronado’s expedition that was convicted of
The church is a product of both Spanish and Native culture integrating in the Compostela. This is not the exact or a replica of the church that existed during the Muster Roll of 1540-1542. However,
Discussion The manuscript is a pictorial book made for Antonio de Mendoza, the first viceroy of New Spain. Mendoza most likely received this manuscript in the early 1540s. This is one page out of 71
Bishops Miter is of a similar head wear for a Catholic Bishop in the region Made of matereia commony found in area such as bird feathers Summary A miter that would have been worn by
The chasuble is part of the vestments worn by clergy during Mass. The chasuble is a square or circular piece of cloth with a hole in the center where one slips the garment over one’s
Description: He was a native of the small town of Las Montañas in Northern Spain He became the artillery captain at the age of 22 He was very wealthy for his age Important to Coronado’s
The project, directed on a day-to-day basis by UCCS Assoc. Prof. Roger Martinez (History), is led by five co-principal investigators including Assoc. Prof. Minette Church (Anthropology), Assoc. Prof. Fernando Feliu-Moggi (Languages and Cultures), Instructor Michael Larkin (GES), and Prof. Suzanne MacAulay (VAPA). As detailed in the following table, our expertise and interests are well-tuned to this endeavor. To facilitate the cross-fertilization of ideas and extend our reach within LAS, our team includes two part-time collaborators: Asst. Prof. Samantha Christensen (History) and Assoc. Prof. Jane Rigler (VAPA).
The technical director of the project is Mr. Sean Wybrant of Palmer High School, D-11, Colorado Springs, Colorado.
